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Neurology Movement Disorders

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Chorea is a descriptive term for a specific type of slow, random, flowing abnormal movement. Huntington’s Disease one of the more common disease that manifests with chorea. Chorea can be treated with medications that block or deplete the chemical dopamine.

Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder syndrome in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into adjacent muscles.

There are a wide variety of gait and balance disorders that can be related to neurological issues. This can range from cerebellar ataxias, peripheral nerve based sensory ataxias, spinal cord issues causing weakness, spasticity, or sensory issues, and balance issues related to different forms of parkinsonism. Treatment can vary widely depending on the actual issue, but can involve medications and/or PT and OT.

Myoclonus refers to sudden, brief involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. It describes a clinical sign and is not itself a disease. The twitching cannot be stopped or controlled by the person experiencing it.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominantly dopamine-producing (“dopaminergic”) neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra.

Tics and Tourettes cause fast, jerky movements that can be simple (affecting one body part) or complex (affecting multiple body parts). These usually will affect children or younger adults. These do not have to be treated unless the patient finds the movements to be bothersome. Treatment can involve certain medications, but there can also be some behavioral techniques that can be used as well.

A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the hands, arms, eyes, face, head, vocal folds, trunk, and legs. Most tremors occur in the hands. In some people, a tremor is a symptom of another neurological disorder. A very common tremor is the teeth chattering, usually induced by cold temperatures or by fear.